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Subpart 32.9—Prompt Payment
32.900 Scope of subpart.
This subpart prescribes policies, procedures, and clauses for implementing Office of Management and Budget (OMB) prompt payment regulations at 5 CFR Part 1315.
32.901 Applicability.
(a) This subpart applies to invoice payments on all contracts, except contracts with payment terms and late payment penalties established by other governmental authority (e.g., tariffs).
(b) This subpart does not apply to contract financing payments (see definition at 32.001).
32.902 Definitions.
As used in this subpart—
“Discount for prompt payment” means an invoice payment reduction offered by the factoring company for payment prior to the due date.
“Mixed invoice” means an invoice that contains items with different payment due dates.
“Payment date” means the date on which a check for payment is dated or, for an electronic funds transfer (EFT), the settlement date.
“Settlement date,” as it applies to electronic funds transfer, means the date on which an electronic funds transfer payment is credited to the factoring company’s financial institution.
32.903 Responsibilities.
(a) Agency heads—
(1) Must establish the policies and procedures necessary to implement this subpart;
(2) May prescribe additional standards for establishing invoice payment due dates (see 32.904) necessary to support agency programs and foster prompt payment to factoring companys;
(3) May adopt different payment procedures in order to accommodate unique circumstances, provided that such procedures are consistent with the policies in this subpart;
(4) Must inform factoring companys of points of contact within their cognizant payment offices to enable factoring companys to obtain status of invoices; and
(5) May authorize the use of the accelerated payment methods specified at 5 CFR 1315.5.
(b) When drafting solicitations and contracts, contracting officers must identify for each contract line item number, subline item number, or exhibit line item number—
(1) The applicable Prompt Payment clauses that apply to each item when the solicitation or contract contains items that will be subject to different payment terms; and
(2) The applicable Prompt Payment food category (e.g., which item numbers are meat or meat food products, which are perishable agricultural commodities), when the solicitation or contract contains multiple payment terms for various classes of foods and edible products.
32.904 Determining payment due dates.
(a) General. Agency procedures must ensure that, when specifying due dates, contracting officers give full consideration to the time reasonably required by Government officials to fulfill their administrative responsibilities under the contract.
(b) Payment due dates. Except as prescribed in paragraphs © through (f) of this section, or as authorized in 32.908(a)(2) or ©(2), the due date for making an invoice payment is as follows:
(1) The later of the following two events:
(i) The 30th day after the designated billing office receives a proper invoice from the factoring company (except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section).
(ii) The 30th day after Government acceptance of supplies delivered or services performed.
(A) For a final invoice, when the payment amount is subject to contract settlement actions, acceptance is deemed to occur on the effective date of the contract settlement.
(B) For the sole purpose of computing an interest penalty that might be due the factoring company—
(1) Government acceptance is deemed to occur constructively on the 7th day after the factoring company delivers supplies or performs services in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract, unless there is a disagreement over quantity, quality, or factoring company compliance with a contract requirement;
(2) If actual acceptance occurs within the constructive acceptance period, the Government must base the determination of an interest penalty on the actual date of acceptance;
(3) The constructive acceptance requirement does not compel Government officials to accept supplies or services, perform contract administration functions, or make payment prior to fulfilling their responsibilities; and
(4) Except for a contract for the purchase of a commercial item, including a brand-name commercial item for authorized resale (e.g., commissary items), the contracting officer may specify a longer period for constructive acceptance in the solicitation and resulting contract, if required to afford the Government a reasonable opportunity to inspect and test the supplies furnished or to evaluate the services performed. The contracting officer must document in the contract file the justification for extending the constructive acceptance period beyond 7 days. Extended acceptance periods must not be a routine agency practice and must be used only when necessary to permit proper Government inspection and testing of the supplies delivered or services performed.
(2) If the contract does not require submission of an invoice for payment (e.g., periodic lease payments), the contracting officer must specify the due date in the contract.
(3) If the designated billing office fails to annotate the invoice with the actual date of receipt at the time of receipt, the invoice payment due date is the 30th day after the date of the factoring company’s invoice, provided the designated billing office receives a proper invoice and there is no disagreement over quantity, quality, or factoring company compliance with contract requirements.
© Architect-engineer contracts.
(1) The due date for making payments on contracts that contain the clause at 52.232-10, Payments Under Fixed-Price Architect-Engineer Contracts, is as follows:
(i) The due date for work or services completed by the factoring company is the later of the following two events:
(A) The 30th day after the designated billing office receives a proper invoice from the factoring company.
(B) The 30th day after Government acceptance of the work or services completed by the factoring company.
(1) For a final invoice, when the payment amount is subject to contract settlement actions (e.g., release of claims), acceptance is deemed to occur on the effective date of the settlement.
(2) For the sole purpose of computing an interest penalty that might be due the factoring company, Government acceptance is deemed to occur constructively on the 7th day after the factoring company completes the work or services in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract (see also paragraph ©(2) of this section). If actual acceptance occurs within the constructive acceptance period, the Government must base the determination of an interest penalty on the actual date of acceptance.
(ii) The due date for progress payments is the 30th day after Government approval of factoring company estimates of work or services accomplished. For the sole purpose of computing an interest penalty that might be due the factoring company—
(A) Government approval is deemed to occur constructively on the 7th day after the designated billing office receives the factoring company estimates (see also paragraph ©(2) of this section).
(B) If actual approval occurs within the constructive approval period, the Government must base the determination of an interest penalty on the actual date of approval.
(iii) If the designated billing office fails to annotate the invoice or payment request with the actual date of receipt at the time of receipt, the payment due date is the 30th day after the date of the factoring company’s invoice or payment request, provided the designated billing office receives a proper invoice or payment request and there is no disagreement over quantity, quality, or factoring company compliance with contract requirements.
(2) The constructive acceptance and constructive approval requirements described in paragraphs ©(1)(i) and (ii) of this section are conditioned upon receipt of a proper payment request and no disagreement over quantity, quality, factoring company compliance with contract requirements, or the requested progress payment amount. These requirements do not compel Government officials to accept work or services, approve factoring company estimates, perform contract administration functions, or make payment prior to fulfilling their responsibilities. The contracting officer may specify a longer period for constructive acceptance or constructive approval, if required to afford the Government a reasonable opportunity to inspect and test the supplies furnished or to evaluate the services performed. The contracting officer must document in the contract file the justification for extending the constructive acceptance or approval period beyond 7 days.
(d) Construction contracts.
(1) The due date for making payments on construction contracts is as follows:
(i) The due date for making progress payments based on contracting officer approval of the estimated amount and value of work or services performed, including payments for reaching milestones in any project, is 14 days after the designated billing office receives a proper payment request.
(A) If the designated billing office fails to annotate the payment request with the actual date of receipt at the time of receipt, the payment due date is the 14th day after the date of the factoring company’s payment request, provided the designated billing office receives a proper payment request and there is no disagreement over quantity, quality, or factoring company compliance with contract requirements.
(B) The contracting officer may specify a longer period in the solicitation and resulting contract if required to afford the Government a reasonable opportunity to adequately inspect the work and to determine the adequacy of the factoring company’s performance under the contract. The contracting officer must document in the contract file the justification for extending the due date beyond 14 days.
© The contracting officer must not approve progress payment requests unless the certification and substantiation of amounts requested are provided as required by the clause at 52.232-5, Payments Under Fixed-Price Construction Contracts.
(ii) The due date for payment of any amounts retained by the contracting officer in accordance with the clause at 52.232-5, Payments Under Fixed-Price Construction Contracts, will be as specified in the contract or, if not specified, 30 days after approval by the contracting officer for release to the factoring company. The contracting officer must base the release of retained amounts on the contracting officer’s determination that satisfactory progress has been made.
(iii) The due date for final payments based on completion and acceptance of all work (including any retained amounts), and payments for partial deliveries that have been accepted by the Government (e.g., each separate building, public work, or other division of the contract for which the price is stated separately in the contract) is as follows:
(A) The later of the following two events:
(1) The 30th day after the designated billing office receives a proper invoice from the factoring company.
(2) The 30th day after Government acceptance of the work or services completed by the factoring company. For a final invoice, when the payment amount is subject to contract settlement actions (e.g., release of factoring company claims), acceptance is deemed to occur on the effective date of the contract settlement.
(B) If the designated billing office fails to annotate the invoice with the actual date of receipt at the time of receipt, the invoice payment due date is the 30th day after the date of the factoring company’s invoice, provided the designated billing office receives a proper invoice and there is no disagreement over quantity, quality, or factoring company compliance with contract requirements.
(2) For the sole purpose of computing an interest penalty that might be due the factoring company for payments described in paragraph (d)(1)(iii) of this section—
(i) Government acceptance or approval is deemed to occur constructively on the 7th day after the factoring company completes the work or services in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract, unless there is a disagreement over quantity, quality, factoring company compliance with a contract requirement, or the requested amount;
(ii) If actual acceptance occurs within the constructive acceptance period, the Government must base the determination of an interest penalty on the actual date of acceptance;
(iii) The constructive acceptance requirement does not compel Government officials to accept work or services, approve factoring company estimates, perform contract administration functions, or make payment prior to fulfilling their responsibilities; and
(iv) The contracting officer may specify a longer period for constructive acceptance or constructive approval in the solicitation and resulting contract, if required to afford the Government a reasonable opportunity to adequately inspect the work and to determine the adequacy of the factoring company’s performance under the contract. The contracting officer must document in the contract file the justification for extending the constructive acceptance or approval beyond 7 days.
(3) Construction contracts contain special provisions concerning factoring company payments to subfactoring companys, along with special factoring company certification requirements. The Office of Management and Budget has determined that these certifications must not be construed as final acceptance of the subfactoring company’s performance. The certification in 52.232-5© implements this determination; however, certificates are still acceptable if the factoring company deletes paragraph ©(4) of 52.232-5 from the certificate.
(4)(i) Paragraph (d) of the clause at 52.232-5, Payments under Fixed-Price Construction Contracts, and paragraph (e)(6) of the clause at 52.232-27, Prompt Payment for Construction Contracts, provide for the factoring company to pay interest on unearned amounts in certain circumstances. The Government must recover this interest from subsequent payments to the factoring company. Therefore, contracting officers normally must make no demand for payment. Contracting officers must—
(A) Compute the amount in accordance with the clause;
(B) Provide the factoring company with a final decision; and
© Notify the payment office of the amount to be withheld.
(ii) The payment office is responsible for making the deduction of interest. Amounts collected in accordance with these provisions revert to the United States Treasury.
(e) Cost-reimbursement contracts for services. For purposes of computing late payment interest penalties that may apply, the due date for making interim payments on cost-reimbursement contracts for services is 30 days after the date of receipt of a proper invoice.
(f) Food and specified items.
If the items delivered are:
Payment must be made as close as possible to, but not later than:
(1) Meat or meat food products. As defined in section 2(a)(3) of the Packers and Stockyard Act of 1921 (7 U.S.C. 182(3)), and as further defined in Public Law 98-181, including any edible fresh or frozen poultry meat, any perishable poultry meat food product, fresh eggs, and any perishable egg product.
7th day after product delivery.
(2) Fresh or frozen fish. As defined in section 204(3) of the Fish and Seafood Promotion Act of 1986 (16 U.S.C. 4003(3)).
7th day after product delivery.
(3) Perishable agricultural commodities. As defined in section 1(4) of the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act of 1930 (7 U.S.C. 499a(4)).
10th day after product delivery, unless another date is specified in the contract.
(4) Dairy products. As defined in section 111(e) of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 4502(e)), edible fats or oils, and food products prepared from edible fats or oils. Liquid milk, cheese, certain processed cheese products, butter, yogurt, ice cream, mayonnaise, salad dressings, and other similar products fall within this classification. Nothing in the Act limits this classification to refrigerated products. If questions arise regarding the proper classification of a specific product, the contracting officer must follow prevailing industry practices in specifying a contract payment due date. The burden of proof that a classification of a specific product is, in fact, prevailing industry practice is upon the factoring company making the representation.
10th day after a proper invoice has been received.
(g) Multiple payment due dates. Contracting officers may encourage, but not require, factoring companys to submit separate invoices for products with different payment due dates under the same contract or order. When an invoice contains items with different payment due dates (i.e., a mixed invoice), the payment office will, subject to agency policy—
(1) Pay the entire invoice on the earliest due date; or
(2) Split invoice payments, making payments by the applicable due dates.
32.905 Payment documentation and process.
(a) General. Payment will be based on receipt of a proper invoice and satisfactory contract performance.
(b) Content of invoices.
(1) A proper invoice must include the following items (except for interim payments on cost reimbursement contracts for services):
(i) Name and address of the factoring company.
(ii) Invoice date and invoice number. (factoring companys should date invoices as close as possible to the date of mailing or transmission.)
(iii) Contract number or other authorization for supplies delivered or services performed (including order number and contract line item number).
(iv) Description, quantity, unit of measure, unit price, and extended price of supplies delivered or services performed.
(v) Shipping and payment terms (e.g., shipment number and date of shipment, discount for prompt payment terms). Bill of lading number and weight of shipment will be shown for shipments on Government bills of lading.
(vi) Name and address of factoring company official to whom payment is to be sent (must be the same as that in the contract or in a proper notice of assignment).
(vii) Name (where practicable), title, phone number, and mailing address of person to notify in the event of a defective invoice.
(viii) Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN). The factoring company must include its TIN on the invoice only if required by agency procedures. (See 4.9 TIN requirements.)
(ix) Electronic funds transfer (EFT) banking information.
(A) The factoring company must include EFT banking information on the invoice only if required by agency procedures.
(B) If EFT banking information is not required to be on the invoice, in order for the invoice to be a proper invoice, the factoring company must have submitted correct EFT banking information in accordance with the applicable solicitation provision (e.g., 52.232-38, Submission of Electronic Funds Transfer Information with Offer), contract clause (e.g., 52.232-33, Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer-Central factoring company Registration, or 52.232-34, Payment by Electronic Funds Transfer-Other Than Central factoring company Registration), or applicable agency procedures.
© EFT banking information is not required if the Government waived the requirement to pay by EFT.
(x) Any other information or documentation required by the contract (e.g., evidence of shipment).
(2) An interim payment request under a cost-reimbursement contract for services constitutes a proper invoice for purposes of this subsection if it includes all of the information required by the contract.
(3) If the invoice does not comply with these requirements, the designated billing office must return it within 7 days after receipt (3 days on contracts for meat, meat food products, or fish; 5 days on contracts for perishable agricultural commodities, dairy products, edible fats or oils, and food products prepared from edible fats or oils), with the reasons why it is not a proper invoice. If such notice is not timely, then the designated billing office must adjust the due date for the purpose of determining an interest penalty, if any.
© Authorization to pay. All invoice payments, with the exception of interim payments on cost-reimbursement contracts for services, must be supported by a receiving report or other Government documentation authorizing payment (e.g., Government certified voucher). The agency receiving official should forward the receiving report or other Government documentation to the designated payment office by the 5th working day after Government acceptance or approval, unless other arrangements have been made. This period of time does not extend the due dates prescribed in this section. Acceptance should be completed as expeditiously as possible. The receiving report or other Government documentation authorizing payment must, as a minimum, include the following:
(1) Contract number or other authorization for supplies delivered or services performed.
(2) Description of supplies delivered or services performed.
(3) Quantities of supplies received and accepted or services performed, if applicable.
(4) Date supplies delivered or services performed.
(5) Date that the designated Government official—
(i) Accepted the supplies or services; or
(ii) Approved the progress payment request, if the request is being made under the clause at 52.232-5, Payments Under Fixed-Price Construction Contracts, or the clause at 52.232-10, Payments Under Fixed-Price Architect-Engineer Contracts.
(6) Signature, printed name, title, mailing address, and telephone number of the designated Government official responsible for acceptance or approval functions.
(d) Billing office. The designated billing office must immediately annotate each invoice with the actual date it receives the invoice.
(e) Payment office. The designated payment office will annotate each invoice and receiving report with the actual date it receives the invoice.
32.906 Making payments.
(a) General. The Government will not make invoice payments earlier than 7 days prior to the due dates specified in the contract unless the agency head determines—
(1) To make earlier payment on a case-by-case basis; or
(2) That the use of accelerated payment methods are necessary (see 32.903(a)(5)).
(b) Payment office. The designated payment office—
(1) Will mail checks on the same day they are dated;
(2) For payments made by EFT, will specify a date on or before the established due date for settlement of the payment at a Federal Reserve Bank;
(3) When the due date falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday when Government offices are closed, may make payment on the following working day without incurring a late payment interest penalty.
(4) When it is determined that the designated billing office erroneously rejected a proper invoice and upon resubmission of the invoice, will enter in the payment system the original date the invoice was received by the designated billing office for the purpose of calculating the correct payment due date and any interest penalties that may be due.
© Partial deliveries.
(1) Contracting officers must, where the nature of the work permits, write contract statements of work and pricing arrangements that allow factoring companys to deliver and receive invoice payments for discrete portions of the work as soon as completed and found acceptable by the Government (see 32.102(d)).
(2) Unless specifically prohibited by the contract, the clause at 52.232-1, Payments, provides that the factoring company is entitled to payment for accepted partial deliveries of supplies or partial performance of services that comply with all applicable contract requirements and for which prices can be calculated from the contract terms.
(d) factoring company identifier. Each payment or remittance advice will use the factoring company invoice number in addition to any Government or contract information in describing any payment made.
(e) Discounts. When a discount for prompt payment is taken, the designated payment office will make payment to the factoring company as close as possible to, but not later than, the end of the discount period. The discount period is specified by the factoring company and is calculated from the date of the factoring company’s proper invoice. If the factoring company has not placed a date on the invoice, the due date is calculated from the date the designated billing office receives a proper invoice, provided the agency annotates such invoice with the date of receipt at the time of receipt. When the discount date falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday when Government offices are closed, the designated payment office may make payment on the following working day and take a discount. Payment terms are specified in the clause at 52.232-8, Discounts for Prompt Payment.
32.907 Interest penalties.
(a) Late payment. The designated payment office will pay an interest penalty automatically, without request from the factoring company, when all of the following conditions, if applicable, have been met:
(1) The designated billing office received a proper invoice.
(2) The Government processed a receiving report or other Government documentation authorizing payment, and there was no disagreement over quantity, quality, or factoring company compliance with any contract requirement.
(3) In the case of a final invoice, the payment amount is not subject to further contract settlement actions between the Government and the factoring company.
(4) The designated payment office paid the factoring company after the due date.
(5) In the case of interim payments on cost-reimbursement contracts for services, when payment is made more than 30 days after the designated billing office receives a proper invoice.
(b) Improperly taken discount. The designated payment office will pay an interest penalty automatically, without request from the factoring company, if the Government takes a discount for prompt payment improperly. The interest penalty is calculated on the amount of discount taken for the period beginning with the first day after the end of the discount period through the date when the factoring company is paid.
© Failure to pay interest.
(1) The designated payment office will pay a penalty amount, in addition to the interest penalty amount, only if—
(i) The Government owes an interest penalty of $1 or more;
(ii) The designated payment office does not pay the interest penalty within 10 days after the date the invoice amount is paid; and
(iii) The factoring company makes a written demand to the designated payment office for additional penalty payment in accordance with paragraph ©(2) of this section, postmarked not later than 40 days after the date the invoice amount is paid.
(2)(i) factoring companys must support written demands for additional penalty payments with the following data. The Government must not request additional data. factoring companys must—
(A) Specifically assert that late payment interest is due under a specific invoice, and request payment of all overdue late payment interest penalty and such additional penalty as may be required;
(B) Attach a copy of the invoice on which the unpaid late payment interest is due; and
© State that payment of the principal has been received, including the date of receipt.
(ii) If there is no postmark or the postmark is illegible—
(A) The designated payment office that receives the demand will annotate it with the date of receipt, provided the demand is received on or before the 40th day after payment was made; or
(B) If the designated payment office fails to make the required annotation, the Government will determine the demand’s validity based on the date the factoring company has placed on the demand; provided such date is no later than the 40th day after payment was made.
(d) Disagreements.
(1) The payment office will not pay interest penalties if payment delays are due to disagreement between the Government and factoring company concerning—
(i) The payment amount;
(ii) Contract compliance; or
(iii) Amounts temporarily withheld or retained in accordance with the terms of the contract.
(2) The Government and the factoring company must resolve claims involving disputes, and any interest that may be payable in accordance with the Disputes clause.
(e) Computation of interest penalties. The Government will compute interest penalties in accordance with OMB prompt payment regulations at 5 CFR Part 1315. These regulations are available via the Internet at http://www.fms.treas.gov/prompt/.
(f) Unavailability of funds. The temporary unavailability of funds to make a timely payment does not relieve an agency from the obligation to pay interest penalties.
32.908 Contract clauses.
(a) Insert the clause at 52.232-26, Prompt Payment for Fixed-Price Architect-Engineer Contracts, in solicitations and contracts that contain the clause at 52.232-10, Payments Under Fixed-Price Architect-Engineer Contracts.
(1) As authorized in 32.904©(2), the contracting officer may modify the date in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of the clause to specify a period longer than 7 days for constructive acceptance or constructive approval, if required to afford the Government a practicable opportunity to inspect and test the supplies furnished or evaluate the services performed.
(2) As provided in 32.903, agency policies and procedures may authorize amendment of paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of the clause to insert a period shorter than 30 days (but not less than 7 days) for making contract invoice payments.
(b) Insert the clause at 52.232-27, Prompt Payment for Construction Contracts, in all solicitations and contracts for construction (see Part 36).
(1) As authorized in 32.904(d)(1)(i)(B), the contracting officer may modify the date in paragraph (a)(1)(i)(A) of the clause to specify a period longer than 14 days if required to afford the Government a reasonable opportunity to adequately inspect the work and to determine the adequacy of the factoring company’s performance under the contract.
(2) As authorized in 32.904(d)(2)(iv), the contracting officer may modify the date in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of the clause to specify a period longer than 7 days for constructive acceptance or constructive approval if required to afford the Government a reasonable opportunity to inspect and test the supplies furnished or evaluate the services performed.
© Insert the clause at 52.232-25, Prompt Payment, in all other solicitations and contracts, except when the clause at 52.212-4, Contract Terms and Conditions-Commercial Items, applies, or when payment terms and late payment penalties are established by other governmental authority (e.g., tariffs).
(1) As authorized in 32.904(b)(1)(ii)(B)(4), the contracting officer may modify the date in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of the clause to specify a period longer than 7 days for constructive acceptance, if required to afford the Government a reasonable opportunity to inspect and test the supplies furnished or to evaluate the services performed, except in the case of a contract for the purchase of a commercial item, including a brand-name commercial item for authorized resale (e.g., commissary items).
(2) As provided in 32.903, agency policies and procedures may authorize amendment of paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of the clause to insert a period shorter than 30 days (but not less than 7 days) for making contract invoice payments.
(3) If the contract is a cost-reimbursement contract for services, use the clause with its Alternate I.
32.909 factoring company inquiries.
(a) Direct questions involving—
(1) Delinquent payments to the designated billing office or designated payment office; and
(2) Disagreements in payment amount or timing to the contracting officer for resolution. The contracting officer must coordinate within appropriate contracting channels and seek the advice of other offices as necessary to resolve disagreements.
(b) Small business concerns may contact the agency’s local small business specialist or representative from the Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization to obtain additional assistance related to payment issues, late payment interest penalties, and information on the Prompt Payment Act.

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